About the PCO
Role of the PCO
The Parliamentary Counsel Office (PCO) is New Zealand's law drafting office. It is responsible for—
- drafting most New Zealand legislation
- publishing the official version of New Zealand Acts of Parliament and Statutory Regulations.
The PCO is constituted as a separate Office of Parliament by the Statutes Drafting and Compilation Act 1920. Under that Act, the PCO is responsible for—
- drafting Government Bills and Statutory Regulations
- supervising the printing of Government Bills and Statutory Regulations
- examining local Bills and private Bills
- compiling reprints of statutes and Statutory Regulations
- supervising the printing of such reprints.
The Inland Revenue Department is authorised to draft certain Inland Revenue Bills (see Inland Revenue Department (Drafting) Order 1995 (SR 1995/286)).
Under section 4(1) of the Acts and Regulations Publication Act 1989, the PCO is responsible for arranging the printing and publication of—
- copies of Acts of Parliament
- copies of Statutory Regulations
- reprints of Acts of Parliament and reprints of regulations
- reprints of Imperial Acts that have effect as part of the laws of New Zealand.
The PCO is also responsible for supplying printed copies of Bills and Supplementary Order Papers (SOPs) to the House, and publishing printed copies of Bills and SOPs.
The PCO no longer administers Crown copyright in legislation. The consent of the Chief Parliamentary Counsel is not required before legislation is reproduced. See Crown Copyright.
From time to time, the PCO also drafts certain other instruments such as Orders in Council establishing commissions of inquiry, warrants and regulations made under the Royal prerogative and relating to medals and honours, documents appointing officers of the Ross Dependency, pardons given under the Royal prerogative of mercy, and documents relating to issues raised by the Cabinet Office.
The PCO is not part of the Public Service proper (ie, it is not under the control of the State Services Commission). Nor is it part of the Parliamentary Service. It is under the control of the Attorney-General or, if there is no Attorney-General, the Prime Minister.
Role of the Attorney-General in relation to the PCO
The PCO is established by the Statutes Drafting and Compilation Act 1920 and, in accordance with that Act, is under the control of the Attorney-General. The Attorney-General is also the responsible Minister for Vote: Parliamentary Counsel under the Public Finance Act 1989. The Chief Parliamentary Counsel is responsible to the Attorney-General under the Public Finance Act 1989 for the financial management and financial performance of the PCO. That Act also requires the PCO to provide to the Attorney-General each financial year information about its future operating intentions. The PCO provides this information in a document called a Statement of Intent. The Statement of Intent is tabled in Parliament at the time of the budget. The Public Finance Act 1989 also requires the PCO to report to the Attorney-General on its operations for each financial year. This report is also tabled in Parliament.
A principal function of the PCO under the Statutes Drafting and Compilation Act 1920 is the drafting of Government Bills (including amendments to Bills during their passage through the House). The Act also requires the PCO to report to the Attorney-General on local Bills, although in practice reports are made to the select committee that considers the Bill. A similar practice is adopted in relation to private Bills. The Attorney-General may, under the Act, direct the PCO to provide drafting assistance for Bills introduced into Parliament by individual members of Parliament in cases where it is likely that there will be sufficient parliamentary support for a Bill for it to become law.
At the direction of the Attorney-General, the PCO also drafts Statutory Regulations. The Cabinet Manual requires Parliamentary Counsel to certify whether or not proposed regulations are in order for submission to Cabinet (before being submitted to the Governor-General for signing into law). If the Parliamentary Counsel gives a qualified certificate (for example, because of concerns about the lawfulness of the regulations), the Parliamentary Counsel notifies the Attorney-General and the Minister in charge of the regulations.
The Attorney-General is required by the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 to report to Parliament on any Bills that appear to be inconsistent with the rights and freedoms contained in the Bill of Rights.
The Acts and Regulations Publication Act 1989 requires the Chief Parliamentary Counsel, under the control of the Attorney-General, to arrange for the publication, printing, and sale of legislation. The Attorney-General has certain other related functions under that Act.
As well as having ministerial responsibility for the PCO, the Attorney-General is responsible for the Crown Law Office and the Serious Fraud Office.
The Attorney-General is the senior Law Officer of the Crown with principal responsibility for the Government's administration of the law. This function is exercised in conjunction with the Solicitor-General, who is the junior Law Officer and head of the Crown Law Office. As senior Law Officer of the Crown, the Attorney-General acts independently and free of political considerations. The Attorney-General is usually also a Minister of the Crown with portfolio responsibilities not connected with the role of Attorney-General.
For further information on the office of the Attorney-General, visit www.beehive.govt.nz.
The current Attorney-General is the Hon Christopher Finlayson.